Pavlov found that placing food powder in a dog's mouth increased the dog's saliva flow. In this situation, the increased saliva flow was a(n):?
a. ?unconditioned stimulus (US)
b. ?unconditioned response (UR)
c. ?conditioned stimulus (CS)
d. ?conditioned response (CR)
ANSWER:
b
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According to Gottlieb, development is probabilistic, meaning that __________.
A. developmental systems are in place from birth B. the environment does little to influence genetic expression C. development is not influenced by any specific factor with certainty D. epigenetic changes are the only way the environment influences genetic expression
Fred has developed a physiological dependence on nicotine. This means that
a. his body chemistry has changed and he is likely to experience withdrawal syndrome if he stops using nicotine b. his body chemistry has changed, but he will not experience significant withdrawal syndrome if he stops usingnicotine c. his body chemistry has not changed, but he is likely to experience withdrawal syndrome if he stops using nicotine d. he has come to rely on nicotine to alleviate his feelings of anxiety when he is around his mother-in-law, but this will not create significant withdrawal symptoms if he stops using nicotine e. his body chemistry has not changed, and he will not experience significant withdrawal syndrome if he stops using nicotine
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. At some time over the course of their lives, about 10% of Canadians are estimated to suffer from PTSD because the effects of PTSD are now recognized not only among the victims, witnesses, and perpetrators of war but also among ordinary people who are traumatized by terrible events in civilian life. 2. According to an important study, people with PTSD show a smaller-sized hippocampus, a preexisting condition that made them susceptible to developing PTSD when they were later exposed to trauma. 3. Major depressive disorder is also known as unipolar depression. 4. Symptoms must persist for at least 2 months in order to receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. 5. Antidepressant medications usually take several weeks before they begin to alter neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
The area of the brain critically involved in the formation of long-term declarative memories is
A) the amygdala. B) the hippocampus. C) Wernicke's area. D) the thalamus.