The nurse is caring for a patient with a substance use disorder who is addicted to heroin. The nurse understands that areas of the brain and nervous system have been connected to substance abuse and addiction
What is true regarding the nervous system and substance abuse and addiction? Select all that apply.
1. Changes in neuroanatomy cause the behavior seen in addiction.
2. Addictive substances act on the mesolimbic system of the brain.
3. Addictive substances stimulate surges of dopamine.
4. Addictive substances act on the mesocerebral system of the brain.
5. Changes in neurochemistry cause behaviors seen in addiction.
Answer: 2, 3, 5
Explanation: Brain and nervous system components have been connected to substance abuse and addiction. It is known that changes in neurochemistry cause behaviors seen in addiction. Addictive substances act on the mesolimbic, not mesocerebral, system of the brain. Dopamine has been shown to play a key role in the neural pathway that provides activation for the feeling described as euphoria. Thus, the brain learns quickly that a drug stimulates a surge of dopamine, activating neural pathways and establishing memory of the pleasurable feeling. Over time, the reward centers of the individual who is using substances can become low, initiating the individual's requirement for more of the substance to achieve the desired effect. This is the biological basis for tolerance.
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The nurse is assisting a multiparous woman to the bathroom for the first time since her delivery three hours ago. When the client stands up, blood runs down her legs and pools on the floor. The client turns pale and feels weak
The first action of the nurse is to: 1. Assist the client to empty her bladder. 2. Help the client back to bed to check her fundus. 3. Assess her blood pressure and pulse. 4. Begin an IV of lactated Ringer's solution.
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a child in traction?
a. Removing adhesive traction straps daily to prevent skin breakdown b. Assessing for tightness, weakness, or contractures in uninvolved joints and muscles c. Providing active range of motion exercises to affected extremity three times a day d. Keeping child prone to maintain good alignment
Persons with Stage I Alzheimer's disease show signs of
A. complete disorientation. B. deterioration of memory for remote events. C. perseveration and incontinence. D. poor judgment and unkempt appearance.
What condition specifically refers to involuntary, violent spasms of the large skeletal muscles of the face, neck, arms, and legs?
1. Seizures 2. Epilepsy 3. Convulsions 4. Anticonvulsant