Knowing that protein is required for tissue growth, maintenance, and repair, the nurse must un-derstand that for optimal tissue healing to occur, the patient must be in
a. Negative nitrogen balance.
b. Positive nitrogen balance.
c. Total dependence on protein for kcal pro-duction.
d. Neutral nitrogen balance.
ANS: B
When intake of nitrogen is greater than output, the body is in positive nitrogen balance. Positive nitrogen balance is required for growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass and vital organs, and wound healing. Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more ni-trogen than the body gains. Neutral nitrogen balance occurs when gain equals loss and is not op-timal for tissue healing. Protein provides energy, but because of the essential role of protein in growth, maintenance, and repair, a diet needs to provide adequate kilocalories from nonprotein sources.
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