Discuss the similarities and differences between general and specific deterrence and give examples of each
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
• Deterrence effects are divided into two distinct types of ways punishments may influence people's behavior.
• Both aim to prevent crime, however, refer to different psychological events and can occur quite independently of each other.
• Represent separate problems in crime prevention as revealed in different patterns of criminal behavior
• General deterrence—punishing offenders has a discouraging effect on other would-be offenders (i.e., members of the general public, other than the person getting punished, who witness or hear about the punishment)
o Idea that punishing offenders will deter the rest of society
o Involves indirect or vicarious experience of punishment through seeing others receive unpleasant outcomes for their actions and provides an example of what might happen
• Specific deterrence—offender is inhibited from repeating criminal behavior by the unpleasant experience of being punished for the original misdeed.
o Direct experience of punishment by offender
o Idea that punishing offenders will have an effect on the offender themselves
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