Suppose that you meet someone who is smart, adventurous, and highly knowledgeable about rockets and outer space. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. That is, you might ____ and rely on the ____
a. commit the base rate fallacy; representativeness heuristic
b. commit the conjunction fallacy; representativeness heuristic
c. engage in the confirmation bias; availability heuristic
d. engage in the false consensus effect; availability heuristic
A
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Jeremy lost his job very unexpectedly last year, and for a short while he was not as confident as usual. This change in his level of confidence was representative of a(n) a. trait
b. state. c. abnormal behavior. d. ability.
Therapist attention would be considered a _____ explanation of systematic desensitization
a. counterconditioning b. nonspecific-factors c. systematic-applications d. cognitive-factors
Which of the following best explains why people living in lower-income neighborhoods often experience more stress and have higher rates of depression?
a. ?social disconnection b. ?inadequate aerobic exercise c. ?fewer companion animals d. ?less religious involvement
Studies conducted to test individual differences in stress reactivity, such as the one conducted by S. Cohen and colleagues in 2002, suggested that ________ is an important factor that influences the stress-illness relationship.
A. secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B. activation of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis C. biological control of stress moderators D. psychobiological reactivity to stress