Discuss the difference between grassroots and Astroturf lobbying.
What will be an ideal response?
Grassroots lobbying describes attempts by organized interests to influence legislators through public opinion. Grassroots movements are “bottom up,” meaning that organization begins largely with average citizens motivated and mobilized to affect the political process. Astroturf lobbying describes an attempt to appear as though an effort has grassroots support, but it usually involves large sums of money spent by specialized organizations to generate the appearance of public support when such support is either an illusion or very short lived.
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In the American federal system, states
a. can be considered administrative appendages or extensions of the national government. b. do not experience much overlap in the powers held by the national government. c. retain their own identity and distinctiveness by being fully sovereign from the national government. d. have discrete powers that are derived from the federal Constitution as well as their own constitution and laws.
In order for a corporation to secure permission to conduct legitimate business, it must receive a charter from which state official?
A) Governor B) Secretary of state C) Lieutenant governor D) Attorney general
Living-constitution theory, espoused by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., is
A) based on writings such as the Federalist Papers. B) practical and adapts to modern circumstances. C) based on the actual wording of the Constitution. D) based on the personal experiences of the Founding Fathers. E) based on the idea that judges should be elected.
__________ holds that Congress must try to stop the offending action before it resorts to bringing a case before the Supreme Court
a. Implied consent c. Preventative judicial review b. Legislative privilege d. Checks and balances rule