According to Piaget, when a person is capable of testing hypotheses to solve a problem, they have reached the end of cognitive development. This occurs in which of Piaget's stages?
a. sensorimotor
b. formal operational
c. concrete operational
d. preoperational
Answer: b. formal operational
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Write a short article designed for parents of children who have been diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Describe how they can provide an environment in which the potentially negative consequences of ODD are minimized
What will be an ideal response?
John's heart has been conditioned to beat rapidly whenever he smells Windsong perfume on a woman. However, John's heart also races when he smells Chanel 5 and other perfumes. This illustrates:
a. stimulus generalization. b. discrimination. c. extinction. d. spontaneous recovery.
Campbell and Stanley (1963) point out that although the two-group pretest-posttest design ensures a degree of internal validity, ________.
A. it does not preclude problems with external validity B. establishing the statistical significance of your results is difficult C. identifying causal relationships is difficult D. None of the answers is correct.
The reformulated helplessness theory holds that __________ attributions are linked to diminished self-esteem.
A. global B. stable C. specific D. internal