Discuss Beck's cognitive theory of depression
What will be an ideal response?
Beck's theory is that thinking preceded and caused depression. First, people hold dysfunctional beliefs that
predispose them to depression. These are rigid, extreme and unhelpful beliefs about the world. They create
automatic, negative thoughts that center around the cognitive triad - the self, the world and the future. Negative
beliefs and feelings about the triad are maintained by cognitive errors such as all or none reasoning and arbitrary
inference. This theory has been well supported as an explanation for many aspects of depression, but evidence
confirming it as a cause of depression is mixed.
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If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. In this case, the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the
a. permission schema. b. confirmation bias. c. falsification principle. d. typicality principle.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are closely associated with the ________ perspective in psychology
a. behaviorist b. psychodynamic c. evolutionary d. humanistic
Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?
A. Pavlov B. Garcia C. Rescorla D. Skinner
In Western societies, people tend to perceive the behaviors of others as largely driven by ________ factors; in Eastern societies, people tend to perceive the behaviors of others as stemming largely from ________ factors
A) situational; dispositional B) dispositional; dispositional C) dispositional; situational D) situational; situational