Which statement best describes the findings by French psychiatrist René Spitz on the subject of attachment?
A. Infants raised in institutions suffered in their physical and emotional development, even if they were well fed.
B. All well-fed infants were closely attached to their caregivers.
C. Attachment depended on the infants seeing their caregivers.
D. Attachment seemed to be present at birth.
Answer: A
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Prior to a patient's completion of a token economy program, the desirable procedure is to
a. substitute real-world rewards, such as praise and approval, for tokens. b. increase the number of tokens received for desirable behaviors. c. withdraw all rewards for desirable behaviors. d. rely more heavily on punishment rather than on positive reinforcement.
A major value of speech errors is that they
a. provide evidence that memory is typically a reconstructive process. b. suggest that attention is a highly selective process. c. show the importance of the law of effect in controlling behavior. d. provide insight into both the processes and representations that underlie fluent speech production.
Bea is 70 years old and works part-time at a discount store. She keeps herself busy by engaging in various activities she enjoyed during middle adulthood. She volunteers occasionally at a local food bank and enjoys the company of her family and the members of her bridge club. According to the ________ theory of aging, Bea is aging successfully.
A. disengagement B. activity C. wear-and-tear D. Kübler-Ross
Not many 3- or 4-year-olds can ____ successfully, but nearly all ____-year-olds can
a. tie their shoe; 8–9 b. kick a ball; 5–6 c. pet a dog; 8–9 d. run and jump; 6–7