In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called __________
a) primary reinforcers.
b) successive approximations.
c) secondary reinforcers.
d) unconditioned stimuli.
b
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If anxiety leads to the onset of so many different disorders, how can it be a beneficial, adaptive process?
a. It cannot be an adaptive process. b. The physiological response underlying anxiety prepares us to fight or flee. c. Anxiety is a good way to gain sympathy. d. The anxiety response evolved to help attract mates.
Which of the following statements about adolescent homicide in the U.S. is TRUE?
A) The juvenile homicide rate has continued to decrease since the early 1990s. B) Females are more likely than males to be murdered. C) The majority of adolescents who murder kill someone of a different race/ethnicity from their own. D) all of the above
Which of the following represents the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?
a. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital b. Oral, genital, anal, latency, phallic c. Oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic d. Oral, phallic, anal, genital, latency
The words "boat" and "goat" are most likely to become confused in short-term memory because ________
a. they are spoken similarly b. they both have one syllable c. they sound alike d. they look alike