A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses to eliminate bacterial infections. Which explanation most accurately describes the reason for the return of this treatment?
A. The attachment structures on the virus and the receptors on the host cells make for exquisite specificity of viruses for particular bacterial species.
B. A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death.
C. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy offers an alternative to traditional drugs.
D. Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes; the viral genes can then be suppressed, causing the bacteria to not replicate viruses.
Answer: C
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Superantigens cause
A. stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines. B. specific activation of phagocytic cells and stimulation of T cells to overproduce cytokines. C. specific activation of phagocytic cells. D. None of the choices are correct.
Why are massive main-sequence stars not likely to have planets that contain life?
a. The life zones around these stars is too small. b. These stars would sweep away all of the material from which planets could form. c. These stars are too hot to allow water to exist as a liquid on any planets that might form. d. These stars are on the main sequence for too short a time to allow life to evolve. e. These stars are almost always binaries and planetary orbits are unstable around binaries.
The “back” of the human body is its __________
surface. a. anterior b. posterior c. inferior d. superior e. ventral
The outermost region of the kidney is called the:a
adventitia. b. mucosa
c. pelvis. d. cortex. e. medulla.