Research by Shaw and McKay in Chicago and more recent studies of urban communities indicate that a critical factor in a community's control over its crime rate is:
a. neighborhood social organization.
b. the educational attainment of its residents.
c. the size of the community.
d. the religious beliefs of its residents.
Answer: a
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The ________ element of Hirschi’s social bond refers to the moral standards by which an individual lives.
A. attachment B. belief C. commitment D. involvement
Offenses against public morals:
a. mainly include crimes with complaining victims. b. often include crimes with consenting victims. c. include violent crimes only. d. include mala in se crimes only.
Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false