According to _____, neither the offender nor the victim is the real culprit
a. the just world outlook
b. system blaming
c. victim blaming
d. offender blaming
B
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According to the prison guard code, a violation of which norm is perceived to undercut guard solidarity and enhance the vulnerability of guards as a group?
a. Always go to the aid of an officer in distress. b. Never make a fellow officer look bad in front of inmates. c. Always support officer sanctions against inmates. d. Show positive concern for fellow guards.
A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement of the duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n) a. search
b. stop. c. arrest. d. interrogation.
The idea that the punishment should be tailored to the risk level of the individual, not the crime, is most representative of the ______ school of criminology.
a. Classical b. German c. Italian d. Russian
Which of the following nations has the lowest incarceration rate?
a. the United States b. Chile c. Canada d. Japan