In providing care to a client with chronic pain, which of the following characteristics or client responses should the nurse expect?
A. Heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse rate may be normal while the client is expe-riencing pain.
B. Opioid-based analgesics may have little if any effect on reducing the quality of chronic pain.
C. The actual intensity of chronic pain is difficult to assess because the client may complain constantly.
D. The client may have adapted so successfully to the presence of chronic pain that measures for relief are unnecessary.
A
Adaptation to the presence of chronic pain is physiologic. Thus, the usual alterations in physi-ologic parameters when acute pain is present do not accompany chronic pain.
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