_______________ therapists focus on the inner, private self that exists beneath the external masks we present to the world.

ABAB design is to a(n)_____ design as single-case design is to _____

a. ABA; a design in which only a few participants are used b. reversal; a design in which only a few participants are used c. ABA; a design in which only one participant is used d. reversal; a design in which only one participant is used

When people make mistakes in recalling a short list of random letters from memory, researchers have found that the mistakes typically involve:

a. look-alike errors, substituting letters that may look the same but sound different b. sound-alike errors, substituting letters that may sound the same but look different c. random errors, substituting letters that are not similar to those on the original list d. sequencing errors, recalling the correct letters in the incorrect order

E. C. Tolman's work on latent learning demonstrated that

a. rats can learn a maze in the absence of reinforcement. b. rats cannot learn a maze in the absence of reinforcement. c. dogs can be conditioned when tones and shocks are presented at random intervals. d. dogs come to expect shock in the presence of the tone.

Voluntary motor movements require:

a. myelination of neurons in the cerebral cortex. b. myelination of the neurons in the medulla. c. myelination of the neurons of the motor pathways. d. myelination of the neurons in the cerebrum.