The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species, such as an endosymbiont and its host, is:
A. mutualism
B. parasitism
C. vertical gene transfer
D. horizontal gene transfer
E. binary fission
Answer: D
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The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the ________ hypothesis.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The life cycle of a zygomycete differs markedly from that of animals because in this fungus, ____
a. a sexual stage is absent b. mitosis occurs in the haploid growth stage c. there is no fusion of nuclei d. mitosis occurs to produce the haploid reproductive cells e. a diploid stage is absent
A 25- year-old female is in kidney failure and needs a transplant. She is A positive and HLA A1A3/B5B7/C2C9/DR4DR8. Which of the following donors would be the best match?
A) her brother, who is B positive and HLA A1A3/B7B5/C2C9/DR8DR4 B) her sister, who is A positive and HLA A3A4/B7B9/C2C3/DR4DR7 C) her mother, who is AB positive and HLA A1A4/B9B5/C9C3/DR8DR7 D) an unrelated donor who is A positive and HLA A6A3/B5B7/C3C10/DR2DR9
When cells are placed in hypotonic solutions, both animal and plant cells accumulate water as a result of osmosis. This causes the cells to swell. Why can plant cells better tolerate hypotonic solutions?
A. Animal cells can burst in such situations. But in plants, rigid cell walls limit how far cells can expand and exert a back pressure to limit further water uptake. B. Plants have contractile vacuoles that continually bail out excess water that enters plant cells. C. Sunlight causes plant cells to lose water through transpiration. D. Stomata in plant cell leaves quickly drain excess water from the cells.