Which of the following is true about the role of theories in the study of personality?
a. Theories disrupt the order data brings in, helping to create more possibilities.
b. Theories often turn out to be contradictions of reality.
c. Theories provide vague, abstract, and speculative ideas.
d. Theories help us to understand, predict, and change behavior.
ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Theories should help us to understand and predict behavior. Those theories that can be tested and can explain, understand, and predict behavior may then be applied to help people change their behaviors, feelings, and emotions from harmful to helpful, from undesirable to desirable.
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Carolyn Rovee-Collier and her colleagues conducted research to see whether infants demonstrate the spacing effect. The results of this research showed that
a. infants and adults responded similarly; both remembered better when their practice was distributed over time. b. infants and adults responded similarly; both remembered better when they learned the material in one concentrated session. c. infants remembered better when practice was distributed; adults remembered better when they learned the material in one concentrated session. d. infants remembered better when they learned the material in one concentrated session; adults remembered better when practice was distributed.
Overweight teens are most at risk for developing ____ later in life
a. osteoporosis b. sickle-cell disease c. Huntington's disease d. diabetes
Persuasion is more successful when the source
a. has high credibility. b. is more intelligent. c. has preexisting attitudes. d. is perceived as different from the receiver.
When people dial a phone number and get a busy signal, they may have to wait 30 seconds or 30 minutes in order to get through with most people doggedly dialing over and over again until they get a connection. This illustrates that the reward of "getting through" to the other person is on which schedule of reinforcement?
a. variable interval b. variable ratio c. fixed interval d. continuous