A peripheral neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting information about tissue injuries at peripheral receptors to the central nervous system (CNS) is:
A. serotonin.
B. Substance P.
C. gamma-aminobutyric acid.
D. dopamine.
Answer: B
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The nurse has completed the musculoskeletal examination of a patient's knee and has found a positive bulge sign. The nurse interprets this finding to indicate:
a. Irregular bony margins. b. Soft-tissue swelling in the joint. c. Swelling from fluid in the epicondyle. d. Swelling from fluid in the suprapatellar pouch.
Parents ask the nurse how their infant developed a Meckel's diverticulum. What condition, will the nurse explain, is present causing this diagnosis?
a. The yolk sac remains connected to the intestine. b. There is inflammation of the ileocecal valve. c. A pouch forms when the vitelline duct fails to disappear. d. There is a weakness in the abdominal wall.
Which of the following older adults is most likely to have his or her health problem characterized as delirium rather than dementia?
A) Mr. L, whose wife has brought him to the emergency department because of the forgetfulness and confusion that he has exhibited over the last 48 hours. B) Mrs. O, whose children state that her personality has changed markedly and who has difficulty finding words lately. C) Mr. J, who has developed an unsteady and awkward gait coupled with uncoordinated motor skills in recent months. D) Mrs. Y, who was diagnosed with a brain tumor and who has experienced consequent changes in behavior and cognition.
Which factors would be considered threats to internal validity? (Select all that apply.)
a. Time b. Selection effects c. History d. Testing e. Subject availability f. Cost g. Selection bias