When explaining urinalysis results that show the presence of cast cells, the nurse informs the client that casts cells develop when the client has: Select all that apply
A) A high protein concentration of the urine
B) An elevated urine pH
C) High urine osmolality
D) More than one bacteria present in the urine
Ans: A, C
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Casts are molds of the distal nephrons' lumen. A gel-like substance (Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein) is formed in the tubular epithelium and is the major protein constituent of urinary casts. Casts composed of this gel but devoid of cells are called hyaline casts. These casts develop when the protein concentration of the urine is high, urine osmolality is high, and urine pH is low.
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