Compare and contrast Barnard's views on authority
What will be an ideal response?
Barnard privileged authority based on position, over authority based on an
individual (much as the classical theorists did). Authority of position is authority ascribed
to a communication based on the fact that it originates from a superior position in the
organizational structure, regardless of the relative ability of the person occupying the
position. Authority of leadership is authority ascribed to a communication based on the
knowledge and ability of the person communicating the message, regardless of the position she occupies. Combining authority of position with authority of leadership
creates a situation where those receiving the communication will tend to obey a given
order with little question.
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A literal analogy compares things that appear dissimilar.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Standing close enough to shake hands with someone while remaining relatively protected
and untouched is an example of what level of distance? a. intimate distance b. personal distance c. social distance d. public distance e. None of these
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. For the PR practitioner, research about an organization’s internal and external environments precede a thorough understanding of the organization’s goals. 2. Objectives act as a compass for a public relations campaign, pointing practitioners toward the goals and strategies. 3. When addressing stating problems, it is recommended that they be conceptualized as positive challenges. 4. Paine’s recommendation of measuring what matters pertains to setting communications goals only where they can make an impact. 5. If consumers have misconceptions about a brand and its uses, it is preferable to abandon that brand and establish a new brand using different descriptions for consumers.
In an organizational setting, a low-context culture would emphasize ______.
a. commitment to people b. adherence to set plans c. concern for relationships d. open friendliness over privacy