Describe the epigenetic framework

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Accumulating evidence reveals that the relationship between heredity and environment is not a one-way street, from genes to environment to behavior. Rather, it is bidirectional: Genes affect people's behavior and experiences, but their experiences and behavior also affect gene expression. Researchers call this view of the relationship between heredity and environment the epigenetic framework. Epigenesis means development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment. To illustrate, providing a baby with a healthy diet increases brain growth, leading to new connections between nerve cells, which transform gene expression. This opens the door to new gene–environment exchanges—for example, advanced exploration of objects and interaction with caregivers, which further enhance brain growth and gene expression. These ongoing, bidirectional influences foster cognitive and social development. In contrast, harmful environments can negatively affect gene expression. At times, the impact is so profound that later experiences can do little to change characteristics (such as intelligence and personality) that originally were flexible. The concept of epigenesis reminds us that development is best understood as a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture. Although people cannot be changed in any way we might desire, environments can modify genetic influences. The success of any attempt to improve development depends on the characteristics we want to change, the genetic makeup of the individual, and the type and timing of our intervention.