The field of cultural neuroscience has found that ______.
a. basic physiological processes, such as perception and bodily functions, are not affected by cultural experiences
b. culture affects the development of the lower brain centers, but the higher cortical functions are not affected
c. this is one aspect of development that is almost completely impervious to cultural influence
d. culture influences the way that our brains grow and change, even affecting how we perceive our environment
Ans: D
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Which of the following correctly defines child maltreatment?
A) All harmful or injurious behaviors toward children. B) A failure to protect a child from harm. C) Spanking and hitting a child. D) Allowing a child to witness violence.
Three of the following teaching strategies should help children become more self-regulating. Which one will not?
a. Ms. Alexander encourages Andy to set a target for himself regarding the number of sit-ups he will be able to do by the end of the month. b. Mr. Bottenberg teaches Beth to reinforce herself whenever she gets her homework done on time. c. Ms. Carlson asks Craig to make a check mark on a piece of paper whenever he finds himself talking out of turn. d. Mr. D'Angelo asks a teacher aide to keep a close eye on Darlene and, when necessary, to remind her to stay on task.
Which theory states that development occurs as a complex interaction among a multitude of systems, such as biology, environment, cognitions, and social interactions?
A. psychodynamic theory B. ecological theory C. dynamic systems theory D. sociobiological theory
Treatments with little or no evidence to support their use are referred to as what?
a. Emerging practice b. Unestablished practice c. Established practice d. Evidence-based practice