How do studies on violation of expectation provide supporting evidence for core knowledge systems? Relate this specifically to studies conducted by Wynn and colleagues.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. The violation of expectation method means that infants should look longer at impossible events, or events that violate their expectations for what should occur.
2. In one study by Wynn and colleagues, a 5-month-old infant was shown a mouse doll on a stage and then a screen came up to hide the mouse. Then, a hand with an identical mouse doll goes behind the screen and reappears without any mouse doll.
3. In the condition that did not violate expectations (the possible condition), the screen came down to show two mouse dolls. In the event that did violate expectations (the impossible event), the screen came down to show only one mouse doll.
4. Infants looked longer when there was only one doll, indicating that they had expectations as to how many dolls should be on the stage.
5. This provides some evidence that infants may have an object tracking system that can maintain and follow the movements of up to three objects.
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Mary recently had a small stroke that left her unable to move her right side. In which lobe of the cerebrum did the stroke MOST likely cause damage?
a. parietal lobe b. occipital lobe c. frontal lobe d. thalamic lobe
Which of the following is considered to be a biological influence of gender dysphoria?
a. abnormal levels of prenatal testosterone b. excessive amounts of certain neurotransmitters c. lack of development in certain brain structures d. stress-related organ dysfunction
In 1989, health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT
a. schoolchildren were given antismoking literature and questionnaires to take home to their fathers. b. children wrote letters to their fathers asking them to quit smoking c. children submitted monthly reports on their fathers' smoking habits to their schools. d. photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers.
List four classic compromise solutions
What will be an ideal response?