The prototype approach to categorization states that a standard representation of a category is based on
a. the definition of the category.
b. a universal set of category members.
c. a defined set of category members.
d. category members that have been encountered in the past.
d
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According to developmental psychologist K. Warner Schaie, the stage in which the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations is also known as what?
A. achieving stage B. acquisitive stage C. executive stage D. responsible stage
Sara loves listening to music on her individual audio device, but she has heard that permanent hearing loss can result if she listens to her music at risky sound levels. Based on research indicating that __________, Sara minimizes the chance of this happening by listening to her music with background-noise-cancelling ear buds.
A. people are more likely to raise the volume to risky levels in noisy surroundings B. people who block background noise are not exposed to risky noise levels C. background noise is the main reason of hearing loss D. ear buds minimize the effects of risky sound levels by reducing the volume of music
Ernest studied the frequency of repair records for several makes of cars he was thinking of buying. He was about to buy a Volvo when his brother told him that two of their friends had a lot of repairs on their Volvos and were unhappy with the cars. On the basis of this information, Ernest reconsidered his decision. Which rule of thumb may have been responsible for Ernest's change of mind?
a. representativeness heuristic c. deductive reasoning b. emotionality heuristic d. availability heuristic
What advice can you offer parents who want to reduce their newborn son's discomfort during circumcision?
A) Stimulate the Babinski reflex. B) Play loud music to distract the baby. C) Offer a nipple that delivers a sweet liquid while gently holding the baby. D) Newborns have a low sensitivity to pain, so interventions are unnecessary.