Individuals have been identified who have two different karyotypes, such as 45, X/46, XY or 45, X/46, XX. Such individuals are called ________
A) homogametic
B) mosaics
C) heterogametes
D) heteromorphic
E) trisomic
Answer: B
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The electrical component of an electrochemical gradient is due to:
A. the use of ATP as an energy source to drive primary transport. B. a greater concentration of positive charges on the side of the membrane with the lowest concentration of protons. C. a higher pH on the side of the membrane with the highest concentration of protons. D. a higher pH on the side of the membrane with the lowest concentration of protons. E. a greater concentration of positive charges on the side of the membrane with the highest concentration of protons.
Which of the following helps scientists test gene-based hypotheses?
a. proteomics b. toxicogenomics c. metagenomics d. mitochondrial genomics
Generally, vaccines are used to stimulate the immune system by providing antigens of potential pathogens. What is the typical composition of a vaccine?
A) genes encoding for virulence factors B) RNA from bacteria C) naked DNA D) inactivated or attenuated viruses
The second law of thermodynamics states that:
A) energy can be neither created nor destroyed. B) all living organisms must eat to derive energy. C) energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. D) in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.