Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs
What will be an ideal response?
The major advantage of between-subjects designs is that there is only one score for each participant so every score is independent of every other score. In other words, there are no order effects. The major disadvantage of between-subjects designs is that individual differences can be confounding variables (if the groups have different characteristics) and individual differences contribute to the variability of the scores which can obscure treatment effects. The major advantage of within-subject designs is that they eliminate or reduce all of the problems from individual differences. However, the major disadvantage of within-subjects designs is that they have the potential to be confounded by order effects.
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If a sample of n = 4 scores is obtained from a population with ? = 70 and ? = 12, what is the z-score corresponding to a sample mean of M = 73?
a. z = 0.25 c. z = 1.00 b. z = 0.50 d. z = 2.00
Which of the following is NOT true of drugs such as Thorazine, Mellaril, and Haldon?
a. They are antipsychotics used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia. b. They are effective antianxiety drugs. c. They are effective in reducing psychotic symptoms in about 70% of patients. d. They require use over a span of weeks to months for effective improvement of symptoms.
Carlos wants to set up a routine exercise schedule. From what you have learned about exercise and stress reduction, what could you tell Carlos about how exercise affects stress?
a. Exercise must be completed for one hour each day in order for any benefits to be seen in stress studies. b. Individuals who follow an exercise routine have lower pulse and mean arterial pressure when put under stress. c. Individuals who exercise put themselves at risk of cardiovascular disease if they are also working under stressful conditions. d. Exercise does not affect stress, it only improves mood.
The process by which a cell replicates itself, producing four new cells each with half of the chromosomes of the original cell is called __________
a. mitosis b. cellular genesis c. meiosis d. gametogenesis