Regarding megafaunal extinctions, it is assumed that the driving factor was
A. climate change.
B. rising sea levels.
C. a meteorite.
D. the Ice Age.
E. Homo sapiens.
Answer: E
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Both deletions and insertions occur during the evolution of microbial genomes. Insertions bring in new genes that may be useful for the cell, but deletions
A) may increase fitness of a microorganism by eliminating unneeded genes. B) always result in a severe loss of fitness for the microorganism. C) are uncommon because they are usually lethal. D) always result in a severe loss of fitness but keep microbial genomes compact.
Cheese, yogurt, and buttermilk are produced by bacteria that form ____
a. ethyl alcohol
b. acetaldehyde c. pyruvate d. lactate e. citrate
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ________
A) bonding B) cohesion C) polarity D) adhesion
What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
A) In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other. B) In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic bonding, one partner does and the other does not. C) Covalent bonding involves only the outermost electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next electron shell inside the outermost shell. D) Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds form between atoms of different elements.