In what way does the concept self-efficacy differ from such terms as self-concept and self-esteem?
a. Self-efficacy refers only to those behaviors we learn through modeling.
b. Self-efficacy results primarily from vicarious reinforcement and punishment.
c. Self-efficacy varies depending on the specific task to be performed.
d. Self-efficacy appears only after we begin to regulate our own behavior.
c
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According to the Wongs, what teachers do the first day determines:
a) how well students like school. b) the year’s curricula. c) success for the rest of the year. d) how students will do on tests.
The textbook distinguishes between teacher-directed and learner-directed forms of instruction. Which one of the following best describes how teachers should view these two approaches?
a. Generally speaking, teacher-directed instruction is more effective than student-directed instruction. b. Generally speaking, student-directed instruction is more effective than teacher-directed instruction. c. Teacher-directed instruction is recommended for the elementary and middle school grades; student-directed instruction is recommended for the high school grades. d. Either approach can be effective only to the extent that it promotes effective storage and retrieval processes.
In Brownell and Moser's study with teaching students how to carry out two-column subtraction some students were taught in the conventional way and some were taught with bundles of sticks. The use of bundles of sticks is an example of:
a. discovery methods b. advance organizers c. concrete manipulatives d. reciprocal teaching
Recent research has shown that dialogic reading is beneficial for:
a. all families, regardless of SES or culture. b. middle-class families, but perhaps not for low-income families. c. low-income families, but perhaps not for middle-class families. d. immigrant families, but not for U.S. born families.