Discuss universal design for assessments, and offer two ways for making testing more accessible to all students.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Universal design refers to barrier-free systems that meet the needs of everyone, including people with disabilities. Suggestions include the following: select an inclusive assessment population; precisely define test content; choose accessible, nonbiased items; be amenable to accommodations; provide simple, clear, and intuitive instructions and procedures; ensure maximum readability and comprehensibility; and ensure maximum legibility.
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How do researchers usually handle a null hypothesis?
a. Adopt it but try to revise it. b. Assess it and try to debug it. c. Assume it is true but try to reject it. d. Study it and try to prove it.
Match each statement to the item listed below
a. the child moves about the classroom going from one area to another, observing but not getting involved b. the child plays alone, uninvolved with other children nearby c. quite common among two-year-olds, a child stands nearby watching others at play, without joining in d. children use similar materials or toys in similar ways but do not interact with each other e. increasingly evident as preschoolers get older, children interact and even share some of their materials, but they are not engaged in a common activity f. typical of older preschoolers, this is the most social form of play and involves children playing together in a shared activity g. characteristic of infants’ and toddlers’ repetitive, motor play used to explore what objects are like and what can be done with them h. involves creating something with the play objects i. the child uses a play object to substitute for something imaginary j. involve accepted, prearranged rules in play; more typical of older children 1. unoccupied behavior 2. solitary play 3. onlooker play 4. parallel play 5. associative play 6. cooperative play 7. functional play 8. constructive play 9. dramatic play 10. games with rules
All of the following statements about John Chavis are true EXCEPT
A) he was born a free man in North Carolina. B) he was a successful teacher of aristocratic whites. C) he founded a school for slaves in Virginia. D) he advanced rapidly as a student at Princeton.
Jeremiah is being:
a. negatively reinforced for his behavior. b. positively reinforced for his behavior.