Describe the two processes by which sediments are transformed into sedimentary rocks. Which is the more effective process in the lithification of sand- and gravel-sized sediments?
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The two processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks include compaction and cementation. During compaction, as sediments accumulate through time, the weight of overlying material compresses the deeper sediments. As the grains are pressed closer and closer, pore space is greatly reduced. During cementation, the cementing materials are carried in solution by water that percolates through the pore spaces between particles. Over time, the cement precipitates onto the sediment grains, fills the open spaces, and acts like glue to join the particles together. Cementation is most effective process in the lithification of sand- and gravel-sized sediments.
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