The nurse is assessing clients on a cardiac unit. Which client does the nurse assess most carefully for developing left-sided heart failure?
a. Middle-aged woman with aortic stenosis
b. Middle-aged man with pulmonary hyper-tension
c. Older woman who smokes cigarettes daily
d. Older man who has had a myocardial in-farction
A
Although most people with heart failure will have failure that progresses from left to right, it is possible to have left-sided failure alone for a short period. It is also possible to have heart failure that progresses from right to left. Causes of left ventricular failure include mitral or aortic valve disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), and hypertension.
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