A client has just experienced a spontaneous abortion. The father of the baby asks the nurse why this has happened to them. Which of the following would the nurse tell the father is a risk factor for this to occur?
1. Maternal consumption of a medication that was a known teratogen
2. Maternal smoking
3. The mother having low levels of folic acid
4. Genetic history
2. Maternal smoking
Rationale:
Maternal smoking has been associated with preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, low-birth-weight infants, sudden infant death syndrome, and learning disorders. Teratogens are medications known to adversely affect normal cellular development in the embryo or fetus. Folic acid is necessary for normal neural tube development. Genetic history does not affect the risk for spontaneous abortion.
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