Serosal seeding of a tumor can be due to: Select all that apply
1. Embolization of tumor cells.
2. Surgical instrumentation.
3. Biopsies.
4. Tumor palpation.
5. Exercise.
1. Embolization of tumor cells.
2. Surgical instrumentation.
3. Biopsies.
Rationale: Embolization of tumor cells. Serosal seeding is a mechanism by which tumor cells demonstrate direct spreading; it occurs after malignant cells invade local tissues and infiltrate body cavities. Surgical instrumentation. Serosal seeding is a mechanism by which tumor cells demonstrate direct spreading. Surgical instrumentation has been shown to participate in the direct spread of cancerous cells by the contamination of normal cells during surgical procedures. Biopsies. Serosal seeding is a mechanism by which tumor cells demonstrate direct spreading. Biopsies can cause serosal seeding as needles are withdrawn, thereby seeding malignant cells. Tumor palpation. Serosal seeding is a mechanism by which tumor cells demonstrate direct spreading. Palpation of tumors is not a cause of serosal seeding. Exercise. Serosal seeding is a mechanism by which tumor cells demonstrate direct spreading. Exercise is not a cause of serosal seeding.
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