What is the independent variable in this study? Why might one argue that it is not a “true” independent variable; that is to say, was anything controlled by the researcher?
Olthoff (1989) tested husbands’ perceptions of the communication quality in their relationships 3 months before and again 3 months after marriage. She wanted to know if husbands’ perceptions of communication quality change during this period of time. Here are some of Olthoff’s data, with higher scores indicating better communication quality:
Ans: Time (before and after the wedding) is the independent variable; however, because nothing is manipulated, it is not a “true” independent variable.
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Annalisa wants to bring the cultures of her students' families and community into her arts program. What would you suggest she do?
a. Look at catalogs and buy artifacts she thinks they will like. b. Invite parents to visit and share a song, dance, story, or piece of art. c. Tell parents to take their children to more museums, plays, and art galleries. d. Invite a speaker to talk to the parents about the importance of the arts.
Some state and local governments compensate providers to care for welfare-to-work recipients
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Literacy acquisition can be divided into phases. Which of the following is not a phase of literacy acquisition during the early childhood period?
A) Awareness and exploration B) Experimental reading and writing C) Rejection and moratorium D) Transitional reading and writing
In the formula that computes a t value, what does s_1^2 represent?
a. scores for Group 1 b. mean for Group 1 c. number of participants for Group 1 d. variance for Group 1