Compare and contrast the bottom-up and top-down theories of reading
What will be an ideal response?
They are both linear processes. The bottom-up theory outlines a linear process that proceeds from perceiving letters to understanding sentences. The top-down theory of reading begins with powerful meaning-making processes such as using semantic and syntactic information; only later in the process does it employ visual information like association of letters with sounds.
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Discuss the challenges students with mathematics difficulties have with early number development.
What will be an ideal response?
In creative thinking, flexibility refers to:
a. coming up with many possibilities. b. the uniqueness of an idea. c. making an idea rich or complex. d. coming up with very different responses.
Self-awareness is an important quality for teachers because
a. ?it helps teachers relate to children. b. ?it is required for accreditation. c. ?they recognize themselves as learners as well. d. ?none of these—it is not an important consideration. e. ?it helps teachers relate to children, it is required for accreditation, and they recognize themselves as learners as well.
Secondhand smoke
A. is relatively risk-free. B. increases the risk of lung cancer. C. causes about 5,000 deaths per year. D. refers to the effects of nicotine just after you have smoked.