Define and differentiate between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment. Give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans : Positive reinforcement:
• Definition: A behavior when followed by a consequence increases the likelihood of the rate of occurrence of the behavior.
• Example: Zoe wants to gain her teachers attention. When she raises her hand her teacher walks over to Zoe and begins to engage her in conversation, the attention of the teacher upon Zoe raising her hand increases the likelihood that Zoe will raise her hand again to gain her teacher's attention.
Negative reinforcement:
• Definition: A behavior when followed by the removal of an environmental condition or reduced intensity increases the likelihood of the rate of the occurrence of the behavior.
• Example: John's mother is constantly nagging him to complete his homework when he gets home from school. John completes his homework and his mother's nagging stops increasing in the likelihood that he will complete his homework when he gets home from school.
Punishment:
• Definition: A behavior when followed by a consequence reduces the likelihood of rate of the occurrence of the behavior
• Example: Sara yells out in class. As result of her yelling out during class, she is not allowed to eat lunch with her friends, which results in Sara not yelling out in class.
You might also like to view...
Student roles in a cooperative learning activity include:
a. following all directions of the teacher. b. selecting and organizing content resources. c. explaining, showing, and motivating others. d. serving as the main teacher.
Job experience where the student follows an employee to see the daily work tasks of various occupations is called
a. job shadowing b. job sampling c. service learning d. entrepreneurship
What claim was central to the nativist perspective?
a. Immigrants were un-American b. Immigrants brought a rich history and culture to the American culture. c. Americans were anarchists. d. Immigrants should become nationalized citizens and participate in political activity.
Matching
6. _____ Aging 7. _____ Gender equality 8. _____ Exceptionalities 9. _____ Language 10. _____ Social diversity 11. _____ Family structures a. Characters should depict males and females as individuals and personalities, achievements, and occupations should be gender free. b. Book portraying low social class, poverty, illiteracy, or migrant life. c. Depicts elders as individuals who deserve respect but also have flaws like everyone else. d. Characters speak one or more languages other than English and all non-English words are spelled and used correctly. e. Topics include adoption, divorce, same sex and biracial parents. f. These characters should be shown in major and minor roles as individuals who are capable of coping with their situation and helping others.