A protein kinase can act as an integrating device in signaling if it ___________________
(a) phosphorylates more than one substrate.
(b) catalyzes its own phosphorylation.
(c) is activated by two or more proteins in different signaling pathways.
(d) initiates a phosphorylation cascade involving two or more protein kinases.
(c) Integrating devices are able to relay signals from more than one signaling pathway. Being activated by two or more proteins in different signaling pathways allows a kinase (or any other signaling molecule) to be affected by more than one upstream signal. Choices (a), (b), and (d) affect the output signal that a kinase is able to produce, not its ability to integrate upstream signals from more than one signaling pathway.
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________ are proteins that promote depolymerization of extant microtubules at the ends.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What processes are responsible for transport of ions such NO3
- and Na+? Do the processes differ and what is the consequence of a failure of transport of the ions?
What will be an ideal response?Which does a successful PCR require?
A) at least 100 starting DNA template molecules B) some sequence information about the region to be amplified C) a cloned cDNA of the region to be amplified D) a double-stranded DNA template of at least 100 kb to amplify E) an undamaged DNA template with intact chromosomes
Why is color-blindness more common in males than in females?
a. Because females would have to receive one copy of the recessive color blindness gene to actually express the trait. b. Because a male only needs to receive the recessive gene from his mother to be color-blind. c. Because color-blindness is an Y-linked trait. d. Females are hemizygous e. Males are never hemizygous