In New York Times v. Sullivan the plaintiff was required to prove a degree of fault called "actual malice." What is meant by the term actual malice?
What will be an ideal response?
[The communicator either knew the defamatory statement was false or published the information with reckless disregard of the truth. Reckless disregard means the communicator had reason to believe the information likely was false but published anyway.]
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Jim is from New York and decided to attend college in Maryland. When he arrived, he noticed that natives of the Maryland area pronounced many words differently from him. Which two elements was he experiencing?
A. language and slang B. dialect and accent C. slang and accent D. accent and language
Which of the following is the best metaphor for how we process information?
A. a train rolling down the tracks B. a plant drawing water through its roots C. a giant filing cabinet with millions of folders D. a light switch in the off position
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. PR practitioners’ work is focused on media relations and relationship management. 2. All PR strategies should support organizational mission and goals. 3. Effective public relations work begins with a planning process that determines which tactics will have the greatest effect on the problem at hand. 4. The ROPE public relations model has more steps than the RACE model 5. Mitigating the effect of bad publicity is typically addressed through advertising.
Explain how communication can be both representational and presentational.
What will be an ideal response?