Explain why nightmares are more common in young children than in older children
What will be an ideal response?
Young children spend a great deal of time in REM sleep. This is presumed to be due to
the great deal of new information they are taking in and processing. REM sleep is
associated with the formation of memories, growth of dendrites, and the forming of
new neural connections. REM sleep is also the stage in which dreams are most likely
to occur. Given that 80% of all dreams occur during REM sleep, and young children
spend significantly more of their sleep time in REM than older children, it makes sense
that they have a greater potential for some of those dreams to be anxious or scary.
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The term "crisis" refers to __________.
A. any time a stressful situation exceeds one's ability to cope B. encountering a number of stressors simultaneously C. a period of especially acute stress D. any encounter that requires a readjustment of self-concept
Operant conditioning procedures focus on changing behaviour using:
A) systematic desensitization. B) positive reinforcement only. C) reinforcement and punishment. D) learned associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
Researchers try to identify which types of social supports provide the most benefit for individuals experiencing specific events. They have found that both informational and emotional supports are effective for different people in different situations
Generally, what appears to matter in terms of support is a. the match between what an individual wants and what the individual gets. b. that the individual accepts and benefits from whatever support is offered. c. almost always informational support; emotional support is not critical to recovery. d. almost always emotional support; informational support is not critical to recovery.
Camille is an African American woman in her 80s and still active in her church. Her only child lives in another state. She no longer drives, and her health has been failing steadily since a heart attack a year ago. If Camille's life follows a typical pattern, what is likely to occur?
A. As she ages, she will become less satisfied with the level of support she receives from her church. B. She is likely to seek secular sources of help from family, friends, and the clergy. C. Her religious service attendance will decrease as her mobility and health decline. D. She is more likely than a nonreligious person of her age to suffer from depression.