Correlational research is an ineffective way of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables because:
A. it cannot measure the strength of relationship between variables.
B. it does not include more than two factors in a research study.
C. it cannot differentiate between variables in a research study.
D. it does not involve manipulation of factors.
Answer: D
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What is the purpose of a summative assessment?
What will be an ideal response?
Johnny, age six years, earns an age equivalent of 7-2 on an intelligence test. The appropriate statement to make based on this information is that
A) ?Johnny earned the same number of raw-score points as the average of children 7 years, 2 months of age. B) ?Johnny has an IQ above 130. C) ?Johnny is below the median of children 6-0. D) ?Johnny thinks the way a 7-year-2-month-old thinks.
When children observed an adult treating a Bobo doll in an aggressive manner
A. they were more likely to treat the doll aggressively themselves when they had the chance to play with it. B. it aroused a great deal of anxiety in the children and the experiment needed to be discontinued. C. only children who were initially highly aggressive in their play were affected by what they saw. D. they exactly copied what they saw the adult do when they played with a smaller doll.
Which of the following is not one of the steps suggested in the text for improving the reliability and objectivity of direct observations of behavior?
a. Select limited aspects of behavior upon which to focus observations. b. Train the observers in identifying and classifying the behavior to be observed. c. Train the observers to remember the significant details of the behavior for recording at the end of the observation period. d. Divide the observation into short segments for classifying and quantifying observations.