The history of an individual diagnosed with borderline personality disorder often includes
a. the loss of a parent at an early age.
b. a family history of bipolar disorder.
c. a dysfunctional, abusive childhood.
d. an overindulged childhood with few limits.
C
There is no clear-cut cause for borderline personality disorder. It is probably multifactorial. Environmental factors include childhood neglect and abuse. Biologic theories suggest neurotransmitter dysregulation. Object losses, family history of bipolar disorder, and overindulgence as a child have not been identified as causative factors.
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