In the 4-H study of positive youth development, adolescents with parents who were high in warmth and monitoring __________________________
a. were more likely to have a successful mentorship relationship outside the family
b. were more likely to rely on their parents rather than mentors to achieve success
c. were likely to fall under the sway of a cult leader or gang leader
d. showed higher scholastic competence but lower levels of contribution to the community
Answer: A
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In the information-processing approach, hardware is to software as
a. the nervous system is to the skills used to retrieve information. b. memory is to the brain. c. feelings are to thoughts. d. perception is to sensation.
In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety? a. Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment
b. No. There are many possible reasons why patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause was the treatments would be to use a control group that did not get a treatment. c. Yes, but only if one of the groups had a greater reduction in anxiety than the other. d. No. To conclude that the treatments were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years afterwards.
Middle-aged people __________
A) attach great value to the friendship relationship B) see friendship as protection against serious losses C) see friendship as offering security within a long-term timeframe D) do not try as hard as younger people to get along with their friends
For Piaget, the culmination of cognitive maturation is the attainment of formal operations around ages ____
a. 8–10 b. 11–14 c. 15–20 d. 21–25