What is the rationale behind the bootstrap procedure, in which trees are repeatedly reconstructed following resampling with replacement of the original data?
What will be an ideal response?
Phylogenetic bootstrapping gives an estimate of the robustness of each node in an inferred tree by seeing to what extent the node is affected by random resampling of the data. A very weakly supported node would be more likely to "collapse" with resampling (showing that not much of the "signal" in the original data supported it), while a strongly supported node will be reconstructed time and again with resampling because it is based on support from a wider array of informative sites.
You might also like to view...
In a medical emergency, when an individual has stopped breathing on their own, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation can be administered while waiting for the arrival of EMTs, in order to increase that individual’s odds of survival. In order to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, air from a conscious individual’s lungs is forced into the lungs of the unconscious individual. What effect does this have?
a. Forcing air into the unconscious individual’s lungs triggers the sympathetic breathing reflex, whereby the lungs ”remember” to start breathing again. b. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation prevents the unconscious individual from exhaling their residual volume, which would cause the lungs to collapse and lead to inevitable death. c. Some residual oxygen from the conscious individual’s lungs diffuses into the unconscious individual’s blood, and the increased pressure forces some CO2 saturated air out of their lungs. d. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation keeps the alveoli of the lungs moist and warm, allowing the lungs to continue exchanging gases with the atmosphere on a passive but adequate level.
Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:A
ribbon worms. B. centipedes. C. millipedes. D. trilobites. E. mites.
Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the
A) mouth. B) stomach. C) stomach and small intestine. D) small intestine and large intestine. E) accessory structures.
In a species of salamander, there are two forms, red and yellow. As the yellow form becomes less common due to predation and the red form more common, the yellow form becomes less likely to be eaten and more likely to survive and reproduce. The yellow form then becomes more common and roles of red and yellow forms reverse. This is an example of
A. disruptive selection. B. balancing selection. C. directional selection. D. negative frequency-dependent selection.