Social roles differ from norms in that:
a. they are expectations for a specific individual in a situation.
b. they are expectations for how nearly everyone should behave in a situation.
c. they cannot be enforced.
d. they are created by the individuals instead of being taught by society.
Answer: A
Rationale: While norms are general rules that apply to members of a group, roles are guidelines that apply to specific positions within the group.
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A thorough medical examination should be conducted before, after, and during withdrawal from a substance because of:
a. the possibility of death related to cardiac arrest, STDs, and seizures. b. possible medical complications related to past and current drug use as well as medical complications related to detoxing. c. the importance of accurate documentation for insurance and research purposes. d. the importance of ruling out other medical problems such as diabetes, thyroid problems, and tumors.
Which of the following concepts of operant conditioning is accurately matched with an example?
A. Negative reinforcement-Jeff holds his umbrella over his head when it starts to rain so that he will not get drenched. B. Negative punishment-Tommy receives a written reprimand from his boss following a series of customer complaints. C. Positive punishment-Jacqueline's teacher gives her a candy for completing an arithmetic exercise without any errors. D. Positive reinforcement-Harvey, a student, is suspended when he vandalizes school property.
The sound stimulus begins with the
A. absorption of energy by molecules of air. B. reflection of energy from objects in the environment. C. impact of sound energy on the cochlea. D. vibration caused by the movement of objects in space.
What happens to the eardrum and other structures of the inner ear during middle adulthood? They become ____
a. less flexible and more sensitive to sound b. less flexible and less sensitive to sound c. more flexible and less sensitive to sound d. basically unchanged during this time