You are reviewing published research studies on the number of smokers who are leading a sedentary lifestyle in preparation of conducting similar research
Using your knowledge about research validity, a threat to external validity is interaction of history and intervention. What is the interaction of history and intervention?
A) Occurs when the circumstances of the study influence the results of the study, decreasing the generalizability of the findings
B) Occurs when the characteristics of the study setting influence the outcome of the study, limiting the generalizability of the findings to other settings
C) Occurs when subjects willing to participate in the study are not representative of the target population, thus limiting the generalizability of the results
D) Occurs when the researcher has preconceived expectations of the intervention, resulting in bias and affecting the generalizability of the findings
A
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What is one of the major technological contributors to changes in self-management by healthcare consumers?
1. The introduction of cell phones 2. Change in elementary education 3. Computers and information technology 4. Better transportation
Which intervention should be added to the nursing care plan for supporting nutritional intake in a patient with Parkinson disease?
a. Offer large meals with a variety of finger foods. b. Thicken liquids to make them easier to swallow. c. Puree all foods and drink through a straw. d. Offer a diet high in carbohydrates and fat and low in protein.
A patient with a chief complaint of palpitations reports excessive alcohol intake over the past 10 years. Which of the following is most useful in understanding the possible relationship between his substance abuse and his symptoms?
a. Prolonged use of alcohol can lead to neurological damage. b. Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with daily intake of 2 oz of alcohol. c. Prolonged use of alcohol can interfere with normal pump function and electrical activity of the heart. d. Liver disease is a common finding in patients with a history of alcohol abuse.
Which of the following interpretations is acceptable as worded?
a. The study proved that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. Financial incentives must be offered by insurance companies to all persons who cease smoking. b. Findings suggest that antihypertensives influence both length and quality of life, and that their use is more beneficial than formerly realized. c. The positive correlation between owning a dog who demands to be walked daily and the owner's cardiovascular health indicates that all people should own dogs. d. Results imply that all humans who use amphetamines will have shortened life spans, and patient teaching needs to include this vital information.