List the three basic issues in child development. What stances do behaviorism and Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory take on each of these issues?
What will be an ideal response?
The three basic issues in child development are: 1. Is the course of development continuous or discontinuous? 2. Does one course of development characterize all children, or are there many possible courses? 3. What are the roles of genetic and environmental factors—nature and nurture—in development?
Behaviorism views development as continuous. Development involves an increase in learned behaviors. Behaviors reinforced and modeled may vary from child to child. Thus, there are many possible courses of development. Finally, the theory emphasizes nurture. Development results from conditioning and modeling. Both early and later experiences are important. On the other hand, Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory views development as discontinuous. Cognitive development takes place in stages. There is one course of development, as stages are assumed to be universal. Both nature and nurture are important. Development occurs as the brain grows and children exercise their innate drive to discover reality in a generally stimulating environment. Both early and later experiences are important.
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