Explain the balancing of interests associated with administrative justification
What will be an ideal response?
In Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523 (1967), the Court noted that such searches are permissible, so long as "reasonable legislative or administrative standards for conducting an area inspection are satisfied with respect to a particular dwelling." In other words, administrative searches should not be conducted arbitrarily or with selective enforcement.
A good example of the balancing approach taken in administrative searches is Vernonia School District v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995). In that case, the Court considered a school policy that required athletes to submit to random urinalysis for drugs. The Court allowed the search because it was not geared toward any particular individual. Further, the Court reasoned that athletes in public schools enjoy a lesser expectation of privacy because they must participate in other examinations, they dress together in the locker room, and they participate in the sports voluntarily. In reaching its decision, the Court cited the government interest in preventing "drug use by our Nation's school children." This was a controversial decision, as it seemed to reduce the need for justification set forth explicitly in the Fourth Amendment.
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Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination recognized under the ________ of 1964
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Was the initial search of Irving's luggage at the airport constitutional? Was the second search of the film and diskettes constitutional?
. In 1983 Stefan Irving, a school pediatrician, was convicted of attempted sexual abuse of a sevenyear-old boy, imprisoned, and lost his license to practice medicine. In 1996 the federal government initiated a nationwide investigation of individuals suspected of traveling to Mexico for the purpose of engaging in sexual acts with children. In 1998 Irving traveled to Acapulco, Mexico to visit a guest house serving as a place where men from the United States could have sexual relations with Mexican boys. Upon returning to the United States from Mexico through the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, Irving was stopped, searched and interviewed by United States Customs inspectors at the request of a Special Agent who was investigating Irving. The initial search of Irving's luggage in the "sterile area" of the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport revealed children's books and drawings apparently drawn by children, but nothing incriminating. Nonetheless, the Customs agents questioned Irving further. He admitted he was a convicted pedophile, but denied having visited the guest house, saying he had visited a friend. A second search of Irving's luggage, in a Customs office 40 yards from the initial inspection, revealed a disposable camera and two 3.5 inch computer diskettes, which the agents said they would need to examine. Irving denied having any child pornography on either the diskettes or the camera and refused to sign a Customs form consenting to their seizure. The film Irving was carrying turned out to have pictures taken at the guest house with boys. Images of child erotica were found on the diskettes. Several years later, the information obtained at the border search was used to get a warrant to search Irving's home for evidence of child pornography and violations of traveling outside the United States for the purpose of engaging in sexual acts with children under the age of 18. What will be an ideal response?
Bail bondspersons are obligated to post bail for:
A) those entitled to bail. B) persons who are about to be released on their own recognizance. C) anyone upon request. D) no one.
All of these are ways that other government officials and agencies can affect law enforcement agencies EXCEPT with one?
A) Hiring and firing the police chief B) Making funding decisions C) Making decisions that affect the activities of officers on patrol D) Disciplining a police officer