In negative reinforcement, what happens immediately following the occurrence of the behavior?
What will be an ideal response?
In negative reinforcement, a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus which results in the strengthening of a behavior.
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Which of the following tends to make a stressful experience worse?
a. Physical exercise while waiting for it b. Unpredictability of the stress c. Distraction from thinking about the stress d. Attempts to relax
Describe the primary goals of naturalistic observation, participant observation, structured observation, and field experiments.
What will be an ideal response?
An analysis of American television advertisements containing older adults (Miller et al., 2004) found that what percentage of advertisements presented older adults in positive ways?
a. 78% b. 68% c. 58% d. 48%
Research regarding depression and distorted negative cognitions ______
a. indicates that distorted thinking causes depression b. indicates that distorted thinking and depression develop at the same time c. indicates that depression leads to distorted negative thinking d. is not yet clear as to whether distorted thinking causes or is merely a feature of depression