Which of the following are most commonly associated with diabetes mellitus?
a. Roth's spots c. drusen
b. hard exudates d. diffuse preretinal hemorrhage
B
A finding consistent with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is hard exudates on the retina. These hard exudates are yellow with distinct borders and are small unless they coalesce. They are arranged in round, linear, or star-shaped patterns. Roth's spots are superficial retinal hemorrhages that are flame-shaped and located in the fundi; they are caused by severe hypertension, occlusion of the central retinal vein, and papilledema. Drusen are findings of the normal aging process. They are small white dots in the fundus of the retina that are arranged in an irregular pattern. Diffuse preretinal hemorrhages occur in the small space between the vitreous and the retina. They occur in conjunction with a sudden increase in intracranial pressure.
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The physician orders heparin 3,500 units subcutaneous daily for Mary, age 67. Heparin 5,000 units/mL is available. How many milliliters should Mary receive? _______________
a. 0.5 b. 0.7 c. 1.2 d. 1.5
The nurse cares for a client with metabolic acidosis and hyperphosphatemia. What pathophysiological process does the nurse recognize is the reason for the client's phosphate abnormality?
A) Depression of glycolysis B) Ionized calcium is decreased C) Hydrogen ions move out of the cells D) Positive and negative ions enter the cells
All nurses must systematically evaluate care and ensure that they and others use the findings to help ______ people’s experience and care outcomes and to shape future services.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
A client who has hemophilia A is scheduled for a minor surgical procedure. The client states, "I'm worried about this surgery. My doctor told me I had to come to the hospital for some kind of treatment a week before it. What is that all about?"
Which responses by the nurse is the most appropriate? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. "You must have misunderstood the directions. Let me check with the health care provider." 2. "Blood will be taken and banked in case you need to have it retransfused on the day of surgery." 3. "You will be given a test dose of a medication used to increase your clotting factors." 4. "This visit is related to your hemophilia and keeping you safe during the surgery." 5. "Don't be worried about the testing. Nothing will hurt."