Which one of the following statements reflects Tolman's notion of purposive behaviorism?
a. Organisms sometimes reinforce themselves (e.g., by feeling proud).
b. Organisms behave in order to attain particular goals.
c. Behavior can be altered by reinforcement, but not by punishment.
d. When organisms discover that a particular response is no longer reinforced as it has previously been, they increase the frequency of that response for a short time.
b
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Describe the relationship between teacher expectations and students' achievement and participation
What will be an ideal response?
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
What will be an ideal response?
Research into growth and development of children with visual impairments (Ferrell, 2000) indicates that
a. any differences between children with visual impairments and other children are related to their disability. b. children are rarely affected by societal expectations, as long as they receive support from their parents and peers. c. there is great variability among children with visual impairments, including the ages at which they acquire developmental milestones. d. growth and development tend to lag during the preschool and early elementary years but catch up later on.
A mother, on hearing that her son has been identified as having ADHD, says, “Well of course Johnny's forgetful and impulsive; he's an 8-year-old boy. Aren't all boys his age like that?” Briefly describe one way in which you might respond.
What will be an ideal response?